Medidas tipográficas: un recuento

Breve repaso al desarrollo de la concepción métrica en la tipografía en plomo, alternativa y complemento de la visión habitual en lo que conocemos como 'tipometría'. Se parte de una noción amplia de medida: el factor cuantitativo se dilata con la articulación de relaciones proporcionales e integra la dimensión cualitativa de los sistemas métricos tradicionales. La tipografía se considera bajo presupuestos similares: como sistema articulado de piezas materiales cuyas magnitudes contienen usos y valores específicos, más allá de su simple expresión numérica. Con tales premisas, se revisan fuentes documentales significativas del 'período de la imprenta manual'. Su examen, vinculado a los usos y costumbres de oficio, desvela la distinta aproximación métrica, que puede resumirse en tres fases evolutivas: hermética, intensiva, expansiva como recogen las referencias de los cuerpos tipográficos: adjetivas, sustantivas, numéricas. Se proporciona así un marco para apreciar el cambio de sentido en las medidas tipográficas hasta nuestros días

BEHAVE: A Set of Measures to Assess Users’ Attitudinal and Non-verbal Behavioral Responses to a Robot’s Social Behaviors

Increasingly, people will be exposed to social robots. In order to inform the design of behaviors for robots that share domestic and public spaces with humans, it is important to know what robot behavior is considered as ‘normal’ by human users. The work reported in this paper stems from the premise that what would be perceived as socially normative behavior for robots may differ from what is considered socially normative for humans. This paper details the development of a set of measures, BEHAVE, for assessing user responses to a robot’s behavior using both attitudinal and physical responses. To test the validity and reliability of the BEHAVE set of measures, a human robot interaction experiment was conducted in which a robot invaded the personal space of a participant. Based on the results from this evaluation, a final set of BEHAVE measures was developed

BEHAVE-II: the revised set of measures to assess users’ attitudinal and behavioral responses to a social robot

In order to inform the design of behaviors for robots that share domestic and public spaces with people, it is important to know what robot behavior is considered as normative. The work reported in this paper stems from the premise that what is perceived as socially normative behavior for people may differ from what is considered socially normative for a robot. This paper details the development of a data collection instrument, BEHAVE-II, for assessing user responses toward a robot’s behavior using both attitudinal and behavioral responses. To test the validity and reliability of the BEHAVE-II instrument, a human-robot interaction experiment was conducted in which a robot or a human invaded the personal space of a participant. We found that participants’ reactions were stronger when their personal space was invaded by a robot compared with a person. This points to the fact that humans are actually highly sensible whether robots’ adhere to social norms which underlines the importance of the BEHAVE-II instrument